The human study of cosmology has produced a series of cosmological models
which everyone believes, in their own time are completely correct. The presence
of any anomaly with respect to the predictions of that cosmological model are
generally ignored or arbitrarily retrofitted in a way so as to preserve the
phenomena.This was the essence of the argument made by Plato in his assignments
to his students: “By the assumption of what uniform and ordered motions can the
apparent motions of the planets be accounted for” From this charge the epicycle
was invented in order to preserve the geocentric cosmology and to account for
the observed anomalous (e.g. retrograde) motion of Mars. The crucial scientific
and physical question we explore in this talk is whether or not our current
cosmology also contains epicycles in the sense that the mysterious elements of
Dark Matter (DM) and Dark Energy (DE) are necessary retrofits to explain the
observations and yet we know absolutely nothing about the physical nature of
either of these entities. How then is this cosmology any different than the
Aristotelian truth of Crystalline spheres and perfect circular motions? This
talk will detail the evolution of our Cosmological making and the various kinds
of scientific and cultural truths that emerge from this endeavor.