Spectroscopic studies of extended astronomical sources at optical wavelengths are hampered by the two-dimensional nature of current photon detectors. Most photons of interest are not utilized because a spectrometer must scan in the spatial or …
The combination of the German Vacuum Tower Telescope and the prototype of ZIMPOL I (Zuerich Imaging Stokes Polarimeter I), a novel, very sensitive imaging polarimeter, has resulted in the first spectra of solar intra-network (IN) fields in circular …
The paper presents an inversion procedure that derives the temperature stratification, the turbulent velocity, and the magnetic field strength of the photospheric layers of small-scale magnetic fields from observed Stokes V spectra and the continuum …